This week's lesson is about ICT( Information and communication technologies) and world change. Prof started off with introduction to the topic and the various forms of ICT. He also touch on the issues involved ICT over the years and whether ICT is a driver of world change. We had a series of interesting presentations on the related topics of ICT and discussions about those topics. The quote of the week by Dr Gurinder is
ICT is the catalyst the facilitates the knowledge revolution
so what does the above message means to me?
The keyword above is CATALYST. In Chemistry, it means that a substance used to increase the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being affected. In this context, the sentence means is that we are using ICT as the tool to increase the process of knowledge revolution and the term ICT only serves as the purpose the expedite the process of knowledge revolution. So this leads us to the question that whether ICT is the driver of change and how can we capture the potential of ICT to combat issue such as poverty.
Some interesting issue that brought up during lesson was the idea of cloud computing and how much reading has progress since the past. I was not aware of the term of cloud computing prior to this lesson and the video that Dr Gurinder shared actually gives me an idea of how cloud computing work. It actually involves running of a shared data system and everybody will benefit on the changes; Once the system is upgraded and improved, it will be uploaded to the common network and shared with everybody. In the past, information are pass down verbally and in the ever changing world today, informations are passed via various form of media and mainly the internet. Hence, that's a need for cloud computing. The reason is with so much knowledge being pass down, those information has to make sense and being integrated with the information and coming our solutions to those problems. This is actually in line with the quote Dr Gurinder shared with us. In this case, Cloud computing is used as the catalyst for knowledge revolution.
Next interesting point is actually the topic covered by Daniel about the debate of reading online. He talked about the rationale behind reading and reading has shifted from the books era to the modern era, which is make use of internet to do reading. I find his topic particularly interesting because for me, i do not read books very often as I feel that I lack the motivation to read after awhile. However, with the pervasive use of internet, it has actually motivate more people to read since they are online and they can read on information of what they are interested in in just a few seconds. Though as what people might argue is that it cause a lot of distraction, but as what Prof has mentioned, sometimes we need a little distraction before we can really focus on the things we need to do.
I have 2 major key takeaways for this week's lesson. The first key takeaway is actually there's a need for knowing the knowhow for applying technology. There is no point applying the technology for the sake of applying as it will result in more complex management rather than simplifying it. We should actually figure out the process before implementing the correct technology that will benefit us. The next key takeaway is that currently, we are still using the industrial age model of ICT and as a result, we are not about to capture the full potential of ICT and knowledge revolution. We are currently running things in the old way rather than the new way. One problem that we need to look into is actually the digital divide. The disparity will actually cause countries to use old industrial age model rather than moving towards the new model to capture the full potential of ICT. The question that I hope that we can have more time to discuss on is how we can do to actually close up the disparity and maximise the potential of ICT.
This week lesson was rather interesting for me and I would rate this week's lesson 8/10. Although this week's presentation was more and longer, I find it interesting as this week we are covering just 1 theme and hence have more time for discussions related to this week's theme. Before i end my post, i will with u this quote by Andrew Grove,
Not all problems have a technological answer, but when they do, that is the more lasting solution.
Thursday, September 16, 2010
Saturday, September 11, 2010
Lesson 4: Drivers of world change and change management and leadership
Our focus for this week is actually drivers of world change and change in both management and leadership. This week's discussions were both interesting and engaging especially this week's presentation. We had a series of impressive classmates presenting and touch on issues that I do not realize it till this week. Actually the first thing that i had notice is when i stepped into the class is what prof had wrote on the board: The 3 essential ways to cope with change
1) Make it happen
2) Respond when it happens
3) Be "surprise" when it happens
I feel that this concept is useful in evaluating how things happen this way and this brings us to this week's topic for discussions.
I felt that the most interesting issue that caught my attention is actually how germs has been the drivers of world change and how it played an import role in the western civilization. Prof explanation was further elaborated by Chang-e. She shared about how globalization has brought about transmission of diseases and how the historical time line of how some plagues evolved. Next, Eunice shared with us some interesting perspective of how consumers expectation are the drivers of world change. I agree to her point as nowadays, the world is changing base on the market expectation. For instance, if consumers decided to stop drinking coffee due to the side effects of caffeine, the demand for coffee will drop and this will actually lead to producers looking for alternatives to satisfy consumers' wants. This actually shows that how the world has shaped is actually related to the expectation of consumers. Next is actually the interesting concept Daniel has brought up which is the model of change and how those changes have to be reported to the government. The graph below is actually what prof had shown as and related to what Eunice has presented.
Some key takeaways that i have for this lesson is that actually to ensure that all of us are involved in this drivers of world change, we need to expose ourselves with more knowledge as it enables us to have different perception towards certain issues since the world has changed according to consumers expectation. If we just sit back and content with the current knowledge that we have, when changes come, we will most likely be surprise when it happens and this is when some people that feel that "pain" that prof had mentioned have to go through. Next would be the 2 essential model that prof shared with us once a decision is made to change. I personally feels that the modern model is much more practical compared to the past. The reason is now countries are moving towards a knowledge based economy. Now the question that one will start to ask is how society can react to those who do not have the knowledge to assimilate into the knowledge based economy. To make sure our skills do not obsolete as time goes by, the modern model seems to be a better choice compared to the traditional model and this boils down to change in management and leadership.
As a whole, i will rate this week's lesson 9.5/10 as this week's lesson really expand my knowledge TWC and the issue that really caught my attention is the dark age and how germs played a part in the fall of the roman empire. What I feel that we can have more time to discuss on is actually about the consumer's expectation. The reason is simply because that drivers of world change is linked with change in management and leadership. Change in management and leadership for a better management will actually lead to a change in the factors that drive this change. This actually comes down to expectation by consumer.
I shall end this week's reflection by sharing with you this quote
"Vision without action is merely a dream,
Action without vision just passes time,
Vision with action can change the world."
-Joel Barker
As a whole, i will rate this week's lesson 9.5/10 as this week's lesson really expand my knowledge TWC and the issue that really caught my attention is the dark age and how germs played a part in the fall of the roman empire. What I feel that we can have more time to discuss on is actually about the consumer's expectation. The reason is simply because that drivers of world change is linked with change in management and leadership. Change in management and leadership for a better management will actually lead to a change in the factors that drive this change. This actually comes down to expectation by consumer.
I shall end this week's reflection by sharing with you this quote
"Vision without action is merely a dream,
Action without vision just passes time,
Vision with action can change the world."
-Joel Barker
Thursday, September 2, 2010
TWC session on sustainable development and innovation management
The session start off with a video sharing by Dr Grinder entitled story of stuffs and if you guys want to watch the video, you can click on this link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLBE5QAYXp8. This week's theme is on sustainable development and innovation management. We started first half of the session with sustainable development and the second half of it on innovation management. Dr Grinder started off by giving some introduction and how industrial development has moved from linear development to circular development..He compared the old industrial model, Economic development VS environmental well-being, against the new sustainable industrial model, Economic development AND environmental well-being. We were being introduced the IPP model for sustainable industrial development and what it comprises of. We then move on to individual oral presentation by Gerald, Hui Min and me.
The next half of the session is about innovation management. Dr Grinder shared with his some interesting insights about innovation management and an inspirational phrase by Tom Peter.
“Life is pretty simple:
You do some stuff.
Most fails. Some works.
You do more of what works.
If it works big, others quickly copy it.
Then you do something else.
The trick is the doing something else.”
Dr Grinder then shared with us his conceptual framework on the opportunities available when it comes to innovation management and links us back to last week lesson on the concept of rising stars and falling stars. We then started our presentation on the issue. The guests were Ruixin and Aurrick which gave us interesting insights about Wikipedia and whether is worth taking the risk for nuclear power. We then had a little discussion about that and the session ended off with our personal ratings for this week's guest.
I would say that this week's lesson is more engaging as Dr Grinder has implemented the time rule limit to each speaker which gives us more time for discussions about the topic brought up by the guests. One of the interesting insights that i have gained is actually the advantages of backwardness. Countries that industrialize later actually benefit more than those that have industrialize earlier. The 4 Asia Tigers which comprises of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan actually did not reap as much benefits as those Asia countries that industrialize later. One good example to take a look at is China and India. They entered the market much more later and yet they have actually developing at a much more faster rate than the 4 Tigers. Take China for example, currently they are the biggest economy based on the video Dr Grinder shared with us. I am sure with proper utilization of resources in the correct hands, the African nations will start to develop and hence eliminate poverty. The next interesting insight that i have gotten is actually the phrase that i have shown above shared by Tom Peter. To me, the above mentioned sentence implies that our ideas and innovations will constantly being copied once it's proved to work well and we need to constantly being innovation in order to make sure we remain competitive in the market and the gist of innovation is to constantly think of new ideas after the current ideas are being implemented. Take ipod for example, when the 1st ipod is invented and mimic the product. Apple tried to be innovative by creating the itouch and the idea of incorporating the idea of handphone and itouch to remain competitive. The last interesting fact is Dr Grinder sharing of the valley, summit and cloud opportunity.
I like the idea of the 3 terms introduced by Dr Grinder. I also can interpret it as showing different level that one is at and it can be used as a reference for one to continue innovate. For instance, company A introduced a product to the market. He will be at the summit but if he continue to develop and innovate. However if he chose to be complacent and be content with his product, he would definitely fall to the next category, Valley opportunities.
I would just summarize my major key takeaways in 3 points. Firstly, i will link this 2 theme hand in hand; To attain sustainable development, one has to be innovative. If we follow traditional model of industrial development in the 1980s, i am sure half of the iceberg would have melted and there will be more natural disasters. We have to think of ways and means to maintain our current usage not at the expense of our environment. Sometimes being innovative is not a bad thing as after one has invented a better way to reduce environmental impact, one can share the technology with the others so we can minimize the effects of global warming. Next would be innovation itself is a risky business that people must take. It will bring opportunities for your ideas being implemented and accepted in the market BUT it will also create challenges for the innovators. Competitors might either copy similar products and produce it to the market with just changing the label and design. In addition, competitors too might adept the ideas and create better products using the ideas of that innovator as a foundation of the research. The last key takeaway is that according to Prof Arai's perceptive, the process between the research period and the implementation period is actually the nightmares and this nightmares can be minimized if one take the nightmare into their dreams and make sure the process will not be as painful as it initially supposed to be.
I think the issue that we could spend more time for discussion is actually whether should innovation be technology or market driven? The reason is simply because i believe innovation on end products will definitely be different with different purposes. Next i would want to raise the question on how innovation can be made special and unique so that copies of similar products would not happened? Just like the product of champagne. It is considered as champagne if it is produced at only certain parts of france. This is the use of right branding strategy.
In conclusion, i would rate this week's lesson as 9/10 as this week we have more time for discussion and we have more time to delve a little further on the topic by our guest speakers compared to last week. I hope i will learn more issues about technology world change next week! =D Anyway if you guys are interested in the Chernobyl accident, i have actually posted the link at our group page. Alternatively, u can click on the link to watch! this is part 1 of 6. You will be able to see the rest of the parts by clicking the appropriate video links on the right.
The link is http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uoEgkGNO-sQ&feature=related
The next half of the session is about innovation management. Dr Grinder shared with his some interesting insights about innovation management and an inspirational phrase by Tom Peter.
“Life is pretty simple:
You do some stuff.
Most fails. Some works.
You do more of what works.
If it works big, others quickly copy it.
Then you do something else.
The trick is the doing something else.”
Dr Grinder then shared with us his conceptual framework on the opportunities available when it comes to innovation management and links us back to last week lesson on the concept of rising stars and falling stars. We then started our presentation on the issue. The guests were Ruixin and Aurrick which gave us interesting insights about Wikipedia and whether is worth taking the risk for nuclear power. We then had a little discussion about that and the session ended off with our personal ratings for this week's guest.
I would say that this week's lesson is more engaging as Dr Grinder has implemented the time rule limit to each speaker which gives us more time for discussions about the topic brought up by the guests. One of the interesting insights that i have gained is actually the advantages of backwardness. Countries that industrialize later actually benefit more than those that have industrialize earlier. The 4 Asia Tigers which comprises of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan actually did not reap as much benefits as those Asia countries that industrialize later. One good example to take a look at is China and India. They entered the market much more later and yet they have actually developing at a much more faster rate than the 4 Tigers. Take China for example, currently they are the biggest economy based on the video Dr Grinder shared with us. I am sure with proper utilization of resources in the correct hands, the African nations will start to develop and hence eliminate poverty. The next interesting insight that i have gotten is actually the phrase that i have shown above shared by Tom Peter. To me, the above mentioned sentence implies that our ideas and innovations will constantly being copied once it's proved to work well and we need to constantly being innovation in order to make sure we remain competitive in the market and the gist of innovation is to constantly think of new ideas after the current ideas are being implemented. Take ipod for example, when the 1st ipod is invented and mimic the product. Apple tried to be innovative by creating the itouch and the idea of incorporating the idea of handphone and itouch to remain competitive. The last interesting fact is Dr Grinder sharing of the valley, summit and cloud opportunity.
I like the idea of the 3 terms introduced by Dr Grinder. I also can interpret it as showing different level that one is at and it can be used as a reference for one to continue innovate. For instance, company A introduced a product to the market. He will be at the summit but if he continue to develop and innovate. However if he chose to be complacent and be content with his product, he would definitely fall to the next category, Valley opportunities.
I would just summarize my major key takeaways in 3 points. Firstly, i will link this 2 theme hand in hand; To attain sustainable development, one has to be innovative. If we follow traditional model of industrial development in the 1980s, i am sure half of the iceberg would have melted and there will be more natural disasters. We have to think of ways and means to maintain our current usage not at the expense of our environment. Sometimes being innovative is not a bad thing as after one has invented a better way to reduce environmental impact, one can share the technology with the others so we can minimize the effects of global warming. Next would be innovation itself is a risky business that people must take. It will bring opportunities for your ideas being implemented and accepted in the market BUT it will also create challenges for the innovators. Competitors might either copy similar products and produce it to the market with just changing the label and design. In addition, competitors too might adept the ideas and create better products using the ideas of that innovator as a foundation of the research. The last key takeaway is that according to Prof Arai's perceptive, the process between the research period and the implementation period is actually the nightmares and this nightmares can be minimized if one take the nightmare into their dreams and make sure the process will not be as painful as it initially supposed to be.
I think the issue that we could spend more time for discussion is actually whether should innovation be technology or market driven? The reason is simply because i believe innovation on end products will definitely be different with different purposes. Next i would want to raise the question on how innovation can be made special and unique so that copies of similar products would not happened? Just like the product of champagne. It is considered as champagne if it is produced at only certain parts of france. This is the use of right branding strategy.
In conclusion, i would rate this week's lesson as 9/10 as this week we have more time for discussion and we have more time to delve a little further on the topic by our guest speakers compared to last week. I hope i will learn more issues about technology world change next week! =D Anyway if you guys are interested in the Chernobyl accident, i have actually posted the link at our group page. Alternatively, u can click on the link to watch! this is part 1 of 6. You will be able to see the rest of the parts by clicking the appropriate video links on the right.
The link is http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uoEgkGNO-sQ&feature=related
Thursday, August 26, 2010
Technological impact on social and global dominance and human development
The lesson began with a youtube video shared on our facebook group and some discussions based on the video. The video is about whether China is already the biggest economy. Although base on statistic, Germany might seems that it is the biggest exporter, it might not be true. China could consider as the biggest exporter as it has the highest GDP. US on the other hand is considered as a contract economy as it is starting to decline. Prof shared this sentence with us; Changes is inevitable and often necessary. The transition can be often difficult or painful (for some). Sometime a choice, sometimes it has to happen. If you guys did not manage to find the video, here is the link to the video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wb5pbFykn5M
The lesson went on to touch on issues on global dominance and it can be simply termed as global player, rising and falling star. After introducing those terms to us, we had our guest speakers, clement and lydia presenting their slides on the topic they have chosen. The 2nd half of the lesson was about human development and the factors that affect human development. We also had 2 guest speakers Sherman and Aaron presenting their topic. In addition, a video on MDGs were shown to us to ponder about. The lesson ended off with some discussion about the video.
One of the issues that has intrigued me is around the 1960s, countries in Asia and The African nations stand the same ground. However, after colonization, Asia actually got better and the African nations got worst off. The reason is simply because Africa is too near to Europe. I am impressed and grateful in a way that how colonization has actually made Asia a better place to live in. The other issue that has trigger my attention is prof's definition of equality; Think of 2 person. Child of the poorest and the riches in a certain country and judge whether have an equal chance of standing at a university. I would say this test will actually be a better way of judging equality. The reason is simply statistic might not be accurate. The richest person might be earning a lot of money and hence pulling up the average income. Another interesting fact that i have learnt is actually that equality is far more not equal now compared to the 1960s n 1970s.
This week's lesson l had 2 major takeaways for me. The first takeaway i would want to touch on is innovation. The only way to ensure growth in country is to innovate. Rising star refers to country for knowledge and invest oriented. A rising stat requires innovation. One example of rising star will be in the case of China. The Chinese are constantly sending it's best talent to the western society to learn what has they installed in their talents and they will then bring the knowledge back to China to improve on it. US is not able to achieve this because they are better off at value-added products rather than innovation of products. The next key takeaway for me would be the need to invest on women's education. It is tested and proven that education on women is often doubled and men's education tend to be wasted. Aaron's presentation on women in power too reinforce the need to invest in women education. Perhaps thats the reason why empowering women is one of the MDG goals
Coming to MDGs, we didn't really touch a lot of this issue. We did not really delve into each goal and how we can do to make sure we can achieve these goals by 2015. As we know, the global recession that happened 2 years ago had hindered the progress of the goals but we did not touch further on how countries can bounce back from this recession to achieve the goals. The most important factor to achieve the goals is to actually gather support and we need to know what those countries need to do to get themselves back on track so that they are able to contribute they way they used to. One of our classmates bring out the issue that she is surprised that fighting against corruption is not in one of the goals. I agree to her suggestion as a country can receive as much aids from the global community but if the funds are allocated in the wrong hands, the citizens might suffer as they will not be able to receive as much aid as it initially allocated to. This can be further touched on during lesson but due to time constrain, we are not able to expand much on this suggestion
Lastly, i would rate this lesson as 9/10 as this week's lesson has made me look forward to the next lesson. A lot of interested facts have been said and it has certainly allowed me to gain further insights on TWC. I hope next week will be a better information sharing session than this week!
The lesson went on to touch on issues on global dominance and it can be simply termed as global player, rising and falling star. After introducing those terms to us, we had our guest speakers, clement and lydia presenting their slides on the topic they have chosen. The 2nd half of the lesson was about human development and the factors that affect human development. We also had 2 guest speakers Sherman and Aaron presenting their topic. In addition, a video on MDGs were shown to us to ponder about. The lesson ended off with some discussion about the video.
One of the issues that has intrigued me is around the 1960s, countries in Asia and The African nations stand the same ground. However, after colonization, Asia actually got better and the African nations got worst off. The reason is simply because Africa is too near to Europe. I am impressed and grateful in a way that how colonization has actually made Asia a better place to live in. The other issue that has trigger my attention is prof's definition of equality; Think of 2 person. Child of the poorest and the riches in a certain country and judge whether have an equal chance of standing at a university. I would say this test will actually be a better way of judging equality. The reason is simply statistic might not be accurate. The richest person might be earning a lot of money and hence pulling up the average income. Another interesting fact that i have learnt is actually that equality is far more not equal now compared to the 1960s n 1970s.
This week's lesson l had 2 major takeaways for me. The first takeaway i would want to touch on is innovation. The only way to ensure growth in country is to innovate. Rising star refers to country for knowledge and invest oriented. A rising stat requires innovation. One example of rising star will be in the case of China. The Chinese are constantly sending it's best talent to the western society to learn what has they installed in their talents and they will then bring the knowledge back to China to improve on it. US is not able to achieve this because they are better off at value-added products rather than innovation of products. The next key takeaway for me would be the need to invest on women's education. It is tested and proven that education on women is often doubled and men's education tend to be wasted. Aaron's presentation on women in power too reinforce the need to invest in women education. Perhaps thats the reason why empowering women is one of the MDG goals
Coming to MDGs, we didn't really touch a lot of this issue. We did not really delve into each goal and how we can do to make sure we can achieve these goals by 2015. As we know, the global recession that happened 2 years ago had hindered the progress of the goals but we did not touch further on how countries can bounce back from this recession to achieve the goals. The most important factor to achieve the goals is to actually gather support and we need to know what those countries need to do to get themselves back on track so that they are able to contribute they way they used to. One of our classmates bring out the issue that she is surprised that fighting against corruption is not in one of the goals. I agree to her suggestion as a country can receive as much aids from the global community but if the funds are allocated in the wrong hands, the citizens might suffer as they will not be able to receive as much aid as it initially allocated to. This can be further touched on during lesson but due to time constrain, we are not able to expand much on this suggestion
Lastly, i would rate this lesson as 9/10 as this week's lesson has made me look forward to the next lesson. A lot of interested facts have been said and it has certainly allowed me to gain further insights on TWC. I hope next week will be a better information sharing session than this week!
Wednesday, August 18, 2010
Technology and World change lesson 1.
This is my 1st lesson if the week and i went in to the lesson with my group of friends. The lesson was pretty interesting and started off with a video of did you know: Shift happens. After that we had a little ice breaker to get to know about our classmates better and also our perception about TWC. We also get to know the expectation of our Prof Gurinder Shahi.
The next half of the lesson topic that we discuss is technology and the rise of civilization.We started off from this video: guns, gems and steel. Followed by a short discussion of the video and followed by technology passed down since stone age. One interesting observation that i had gained from this lesson is actually many of the things that we used and see grew primarily from the middle east. For example, Algebra is originated from Arab and people have then, used those algebra equations to invent great things. Another thing that caught my attention is the video that Prof Gurinder had shown us; Prediction by 2013, a supercomputer will be built that exceeds the computation capabilities of human brains.
This leads to my question of whether in future, the cyber world will end up taking over humanity. I would cite one show to support my argument and that show will be eagle's eye. The show is basically how a supercomputer has manipulated the computation capabilities that it has and manipulated 2 person in an attempt to take over humanity. This might not happen as most people would claim: It's just a show. However, we must not dismiss this possibility as technology might become so advance in future and nobody knows what the future holds. Another take away point for me is how much technology has advanced to the extent that it has surpass our biological needs. As a result, there's a increase in the rate of obesity. However, i also have to add to the point that one of our classmates has discussed, i.e. some area in the states has more fast food outlet around the vicinity and most of them do not have the choice but to purchase their lunch and dinner at those fast food outlets. However, this topic was not further discussed during lesson and i hope this topic should be further elaborated. The reason is because i feel that this issue is related to us in every other way. We might not be obese now but 10 years down the road, who will guarantee that the weighing scale that we stood on, will not be at the opposite end of it? In addition, obesity is the cause of certain heart related diseases like heart attack.
I think that this first session is rather meaningful to me. However, i think prof should allow us to repeat the topics that we have chosen be it oral presentation, tropical review paper or group project. The reason is cause in addition to this, we are not allowed to repeat the same topic as our classmates which post a challenge to our research. I hope you can consider changing this policy. I would rate the lesson 7/10 =)
The next half of the lesson topic that we discuss is technology and the rise of civilization.We started off from this video: guns, gems and steel. Followed by a short discussion of the video and followed by technology passed down since stone age. One interesting observation that i had gained from this lesson is actually many of the things that we used and see grew primarily from the middle east. For example, Algebra is originated from Arab and people have then, used those algebra equations to invent great things. Another thing that caught my attention is the video that Prof Gurinder had shown us; Prediction by 2013, a supercomputer will be built that exceeds the computation capabilities of human brains.
This leads to my question of whether in future, the cyber world will end up taking over humanity. I would cite one show to support my argument and that show will be eagle's eye. The show is basically how a supercomputer has manipulated the computation capabilities that it has and manipulated 2 person in an attempt to take over humanity. This might not happen as most people would claim: It's just a show. However, we must not dismiss this possibility as technology might become so advance in future and nobody knows what the future holds. Another take away point for me is how much technology has advanced to the extent that it has surpass our biological needs. As a result, there's a increase in the rate of obesity. However, i also have to add to the point that one of our classmates has discussed, i.e. some area in the states has more fast food outlet around the vicinity and most of them do not have the choice but to purchase their lunch and dinner at those fast food outlets. However, this topic was not further discussed during lesson and i hope this topic should be further elaborated. The reason is because i feel that this issue is related to us in every other way. We might not be obese now but 10 years down the road, who will guarantee that the weighing scale that we stood on, will not be at the opposite end of it? In addition, obesity is the cause of certain heart related diseases like heart attack.
I think that this first session is rather meaningful to me. However, i think prof should allow us to repeat the topics that we have chosen be it oral presentation, tropical review paper or group project. The reason is cause in addition to this, we are not allowed to repeat the same topic as our classmates which post a challenge to our research. I hope you can consider changing this policy. I would rate the lesson 7/10 =)
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